3.3.3. HOW DOES CANNABIS USE IMPACT SCHIZOPHRENIA?
While cannabis is often seen as a harmless or even therapeutic substance, its use in individuals with schizophrenia poses significant risks.
For people with schizophrenia, cannabis use can:
Cannabis use increases the risk of relapse in schizophrenia patients
Individuals with schizophrenia who use cannabis are at a significantly higher risk of relapse.
Skipping doses or not closely following treatment plans can weaken symptom control, and cannabis may directly increase vulnerability to psychotic episodes, making it harder to prevent a relapse even with proper care.
THC vs CBD: contrasting effects on schizophrenia
Cannabis, commonly known for its psychoactive properties, is increasingly legalized across many countries. This trend is associated with a higher likelihood of cannabis use among both youths and adults.
The relationship between THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) adds complexity to how cannabis affects psychotic symptoms.
THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol): The main psychoactive component in cannabis that causes a “high.”
CBD (Cannabidiol): A non-psychoactive compound that may have protective effects.
Mixed research findings: While CBD shows some promise, more studies are needed to confirm its benefits and determine the right dosage for schizophrenia patients.
Caregiver considerations: As cannabis use becomes more widespread, it is essential to understand its risks and benefits.
While cannabis can offer some relief from pain, anxiety, and other conditions, it also has potential drawbacks. Chronic use may impair cognitive functions and emotional regulation, and in those with a genetic predisposition, it could increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.
Long-term use can also lead to structural brain changes and affect gene expression, potentially influencing offspring behavior and mental health.
Cannabis use influences the risk of psychosis, depression, and anxiety
Research shows a clear link between cannabis use and various mental health issues, with heavier use increasing the risk of developing conditions like psychosis, depression, and anxiety.
Heavy cannabis users face a four-fold higher risk of psychosis compared to non-users and are also more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Key takeaways for caregivers
Reducing or eliminating cannabis use can help prevent or improve schizophrenia symptoms.
While some patients believe cannabis helps, research consistently shows it increases the risk of psychosis, relapse, and worsened outcomes.
Other factors (genetics, urban living, trauma) may contribute to schizophrenia, but cannabis is a major risk factor.
Understanding why individuals with schizophrenia use cannabis can help caregivers offer better support and interventions.
