5.3. COPING MECHANISMS
When encouraging a person with schizophrenia and substance use disorder to consider alternative coping mechanisms, it’s important to focus on positive, supportive approaches that are tailored to their specific needs.
Structured daily routine
Having a regular routine with consistent sleep, meals, and low-stress activities can create a sense of stability and calm. This structure not only helps reduce stress and improve mood but also makes it easier to manage symptoms and gradually lessen cravings. Over time, having a predictable rhythm to the day can provide a strong foundation for overall well-being.
Social support and peer groups
Getting involved in support groups, (such as, for example, those offered by NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA)), can create opportunities to connect with others who understand similar challenges. These groups provide a safe environment to share experiences, explore coping strategies, and learn from others in a supportive space.
Creative outlets and physical activity
Spending time on creative activities like drawing, journaling, or music, or including light physical activities like walking or yoga, can offer helpful ways to manage stress. These kinds of activities can improve mood, promote self-expression, and serve as positive alternatives for coping with challenges.
Developing emotional regulation skills
Developing healthy ways to manage emotions can make a big difference, especially in tough situations. Techniques from Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), for example, can help individuals recognize triggers, take a moment to pause, and explore alternative ways to respond. According to SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) guidelines, these skills are especially valuable for those having both schizophrenia and substance use disorder, as they can support better emotional regulation and overall well-being.
Mindfulness and grounding techniques
Mindfulness exercises, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery, may help in handling stress and calming overwhelming emotions.
Grounding techniques, like focusing on sensory details (e.g., noticing five things you can see), can also provide a sense of stability during difficult moments.
Example dialogue on the topic of coping mechanisms
Caregiver: “What usually helps you feel a little better when things get stressful or overwhelming? Have you tried any breathing exercises or activities you enjoy, like drawing or journaling?”
Individual: “Sometimes I’ll write things down, but it doesn’t always help.”
Caregiver: “That’s a good start. Maybe we could explore a few other things together, like mindfulness exercises or a daily routine that includes some calm moments for you. I’d be happy to try them with you if that helps.”
These strategies can encourage people to find better ways to cope while building self-awareness and emotional strength in a supportive, judgment-free way.
